Démences

Investigations

• Mini Mental State: https://www.hug-ge.ch/sites/interhug/files/structures/medecine_palliative/documents/mms.pdf

Démences dégénératives

Mild Cognitive Impairment

In a patient with mild cognitive impairment, decreased Aβ42 peptide and increased tau protein and p-tau levels in the cerebrospinal spinal fluid have a greater than 80% sensitivity and specificity in identifying Alzheimer disease as the cause.

Démence à corps de Lewy

• Core features of dementia with Lewy bodies are fluctuating cognition, recurrent visual hallucinations, and parkinsonism. Cognitive fluctuations include variations in both attention and level of arousal and can vary hour to hour, day to day, or week to week.
• sleep behavior disorder commonly occurs in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and can help distinguish DLB from Alzheimer disease and other cognitive disorders.

Démence frontotemporale

Frontotemporal dementia typically involves an alteration in personality and behavior that develops years before the onset of cognitive impairment.

• https://www.revmed.ch/RMS/2017/RMS-N-582/Demences-frontotemporales-mise-a-jour

Paralysie supranucléaire progressive

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the major form of motor neuron disease, is found in 20% to 30% of patients diagnosed with behavioral-variant FTD.

Démences non dégénératives

Hydrocéphalie à pression normale

• Triade troubles cognitifs (démence), démarche ataxique, incontinence urinaire